Not sure I can answer for a global perspective.

In the US, I feel we need to spend more resources teaching empathy, compassion, reason, and logic.

The unscientific prima facie belief in hierarchical, comparative, and quantitative thinking

Nothing, I guess. I mean, when I try to figure out the answer, I feel like I'm trying to entitle myself with some kind of sacred knowledge of mysterious truth, that only I can see. A lot of terrible things was, and continue to happen. But I don't think I can judge the whole Humanity for the current order of things.

The stubborn belief that nature needs to be fixed by humanity.

Greed.

We've put into place a system of economic and political relationships that limits our capacity to actually be human and to see that system as superior and infallible, at least in an imagined capacity to correct itself. the assumption of self-correction - that with planning we can make everyone happy, that with proper technology we can over come climate change, etc. - is highly destructive...

Faith. Many are so unable to cope with the objective nightmares of reality, that they retreat into primitive beliefs and unevidenced world views that thrive on broken human hueristics.

The tendency to characterise individuals and entire groups.

I think it's the strong tendency to hold onto what you were taught - so something along the lines of how hard it is to change someone's mind or expand their worldview beyond what they were taught in their childhood. It seems like it takes actual serious trauma to jolt most people out of their seriously limited thinking/worldview.

Its inability to see that the end result of a true competition-based society is the same as the end result of a true battle royale.

That, or the sheer arrogance that allows some people to see this and somehow think they'll be the last one standing, so it's okay.

Wastefulness and the tendency towards mindless consumption that leads to it.